All meanings of Italian gerund
The present and past gerund are invariable verbal forms (it means that are verb forms not related to time) and are used in the dependent clauses.
The meanings of the gerund forms are the following:1- simultaneousness: it means that the two actions happen at the same time, example:
Andando a lavoro ho incontrato Paolo.
2- cause: in this form you can describe the reason why something happens, example:
Non avendo prenotato in tempo sono rimasto senza posto.
3- hypothesys, example:
Studiando, si impara (se/ quando si studia, si impara)
4- manner: describes in which manner something is or the manner in which it occurs, example:
Ridendo e scherzando si è fatto tardi
5- concession: in this case the gerund form is introduced by pur and replaces a phrase introduced by anche se, example:
Pur conoscendo bene il problema ho sbagliato un’altra volta. (Anche se conoscevo bene il problema….)
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